SNAB Biology: Edexcel A-Level Biology A (9BN0)
SNAB Biology is Pearson Edexcel A Level Biology A (Salters-Nuffield), specification 9BN0: a context-led A level with eight topics, 18 core practicals and three 2-hour papers sat in May/June of Year 13. This FLN Tutors course takes you through every topic one to one, prepares you for the Paper 3 pre-released scientific article, and marks your past-paper answers against Pearson mark schemes. It suits Year 12 and Year 13 students, private candidates and resit students in the UK and international schools.
Reviewed by N. Kanik, Master's in Biology / Life SciencesLast updated
$13 – $30
per hour
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What you will learn
Learning outcomes
- Understand biological molecules and biochemical processes
- Explain cell structure and function
- Understand membranes and transport
- Explain DNA genes and protein synthesis
- Understand genetics and inheritance
- Explain natural selection and evolution
- Understand biodiversity and conservation
- Explain photosynthesis and respiration
- Understand energy transfer in organisms
- Explain ecosystems and populations
- Understand microorganisms and disease
- Explain immunity and infection
- Understand homeostasis and coordination
- Analyse biological data
- Interpret graphs and experimental results
- Apply mathematical skills in biology
- Design and evaluate biological investigations
- Develop practical laboratory skills
- Evaluate scientific evidence
- Apply biology to unfamiliar contexts
- Answer Edexcel-style examination questions
- Develop effective exam technique
Prerequisites
- GCSE Biology or Combined Science knowledge
- Basic chemistry knowledge
- Basic mathematics skills
- Understanding of cells and biological processes
- Basic scientific investigation skills
Tags
Course structure
Syllabus(8 modules)
- The Need for a Circulatory System
- The Importance of Water in Transport
- Mammalian Heart: Structure & Function
- Blood Vessels: Structure & Function
- Cardiac Cycle
- Investigating Heart Rate Atherosclerosis
- Blood Clotting
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Interpreting Data on Risk Factors
- Treatment of CVD Energy Budgets & Diet
- Monosaccharides
- The Glycosidic Bond
- Disaccharides
- Polysaccharides
- Lipids & Ester Bonds
- Reducing Risk Factors of CVD
- Practical: Vitamin C Content
What is SNAB Biology (Edexcel A Level Biology A, 9BN0)?
In short: SNAB (Salters-Nuffield Advanced Biology) is Pearson Edexcel's A Level Biology A, code 9BN0. Each topic starts from a real-life story, such as heart disease, cystic fibrosis or sports performance, and the biology is taught through it.
The course is linear: you study for two years and sit all three papers in the same May/June series. Grades run from A* to E. The science practical endorsement is assessed by your teacher and reported separately as Pass or Not Classified.
On this course a biology tutor works through the specification with you, topic by topic, in live one-to-one lessons. Each lesson ends with exam-style questions, which your tutor marks and uses to plan the next session.
Official specification and past papers: Pearson Edexcel A level Biology A (Salters-Nuffield). For wider A level support, see biology tutoring.
How is SNAB Biology assessed?
Three written papers, each 2 hours and 100 marks, each worth 33.33% of the A level:
| Paper | Code | Title | Content tested |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paper 1 | 9BN0/01 | The Natural Environment and Species Survival | Topics 1-6 |
| Paper 2 | 9BN0/02 | Energy, Exercise and Co-ordination | Topics 1-4, 7 and 8 |
| Paper 3 | 9BN0/03 | General and Practical Applications in Biology | All topics, with one section based on a pre-released scientific article |
Two details matter for your revision:
- Maths: at least 10% of the marks across the three papers test mathematics at Level 2 or above, including statistical tests such as chi squared and Student's t-test.
- Practicals: the 18 core practicals can be examined in any paper, so method, variables, risks and analysis all need learning, not just the result.
Which topics are in SNAB, and which paper tests them?
| Year | Topic | Context | Papers |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Lifestyle, Health and Risk | Circulation, cardiovascular disease, diet | 1, 2, 3 |
| 1 | 2 Genes and Health | Gas exchange, membranes, proteins, DNA, cystic fibrosis | 1, 2, 3 |
| 1 | 3 Voice of the Genome | Cells, mitosis, meiosis, stem cells, gene expression | 1, 2, 3 |
| 1 | 4 Biodiversity and Natural Resources | Classification, adaptation, plant fibres, drug testing | 1, 2, 3 |
| 2 | 5 On the Wild Side | Photosynthesis, ecosystems, climate change, evolution | 1, 3 |
| 2 | 6 Immunity, Infection and Forensics | DNA profiling, bacteria and viruses, immunity, antibiotics | 1, 3 |
| 2 | 7 Run for your Life | Muscles, respiration, cardiac output, homeostasis | 2, 3 |
| 2 | 8 Grey Matter | Nerves, the brain, vision, brain chemicals and drugs | 2, 3 |
Year 1 topics appear on all three papers, so weak spots from Year 12 cost marks three times. A tutor usually checks Topics 1-4 early in Year 13 before moving on.
What are the 18 SNAB core practicals?
| CP | Practical | Topic |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Effect of caffeine on heart rate in Daphnia | 1 |
| 2 | Vitamin C content of food and drink | 1 |
| 3 | Membrane permeability (alcohol concentration or temperature) | 2 |
| 4 | Enzyme and substrate concentration and initial rate | 2 |
| 5 | Root tip squash to observe mitosis | 3 |
| 6 | Identifying sclerenchyma, phloem and xylem in stems | 4 |
| 7 | Plant mineral deficiencies | 4 |
| 8 | Tensile strength of plant fibres | 4 |
| 9 | Antimicrobial properties of plants, with aseptic technique | 4 |
| 10 | Ecology of a habitat: quadrats, transects, abiotic factors | 5 |
| 11 | Photosynthesis with isolated chloroplasts (Hill reaction) | 5 |
| 12 | Temperature and initial rate of an enzyme reaction, with Q10 | 5 |
| 13 | Temperature and the development of organisms | 5 |
| 14 | Gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments | 6 |
| 15 | Effect of different antibiotics on bacteria | 6 |
| 16 | Rate of respiration | 7 |
| 17 | Exercise and spirometer traces | 7 |
| 18 | Habituation to a stimulus | 8 |
For each one, learn the independent, dependent and control variables, one safety or ethical point, the main source of error and how to improve the method. Exam questions often change one detail of a practical and ask what would happen.
How do you prepare for the Paper 3 pre-release article?
Pearson publishes a scientific article on its website 8 weeks before the exam, and one section of Paper 3 is based on it. You cannot take the article into the exam, but you can study it in advance.
- Read it twice in the first week and underline every term you do not know.
- Map it to the specification: list which topics each paragraph draws on.
- Build a glossary of new terms in your own words.
- Redraw every graph or table and describe the trend with values.
- Write likely questions: a calculation, a data interpretation, an evaluation of the method and a link to a core practical.
- Practise past articles from earlier years, timed, with the mark scheme.
Your tutor goes through the article with you as soon as it is published and sets questions on it each week until the exam.
Worked example 1: chi-squared test on a genetic cross
A monohybrid cross between two heterozygous plants is expected to give a 3 : 1 ratio. Of 200 offspring, 152 are tall and 48 are short. Do the results fit the expected ratio?
| Phenotype | Observed (O) | Expected (E) | (O - E)^2 / E |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tall | 152 | 150 | 4 / 150 = 0.027 |
| Short | 48 | 50 | 4 / 50 = 0.080 |
| Total | 200 | 200 | chi squared = 0.107 |
- Degrees of freedom = number of categories - 1 = 1.
- Critical value at p = 0.05 with 1 degree of freedom = 3.84.
- 0.107 is less than 3.84, so the difference between observed and expected is not significant: accept the null hypothesis that the results fit a 3 : 1 ratio.
Full marks need the null hypothesis stated, the degrees of freedom, the critical value at 0.05 and a conclusion in words.
Worked example 2: index of diversity
The specification gives the index of diversity as D = N(N - 1) / sum of n(n - 1), where N is the total number of organisms and n is the number of each species.
A quadrat survey finds three species with 10, 6 and 4 individuals.
- N = 10 + 6 + 4 = 20, so N(N - 1) = 20 x 19 = 380.
- Sum of n(n - 1) = (10 x 9) + (6 x 5) + (4 x 3) = 90 + 30 + 12 = 132.
- D = 380 / 132 = 2.88.
A higher D means greater diversity. Comparing D for two habitats is only fair if sampling effort was the same, which is a common evaluation point.
Worked example 3: Q10 and the Hardy-Weinberg equation
Q10 (core practical 12). Q10 = rate at (T + 10) degrees C / rate at T degrees C. If the initial rate is 0.012 units per second at 25 degrees C and 0.024 at 35 degrees C, Q10 = 0.024 / 0.012 = 2.0: the rate doubles for a 10 degree rise, as expected for an enzyme below its optimum.
Hardy-Weinberg (Topic 4). 16% of a population show a recessive phenotype. Estimate the proportion of carriers.
| Step | Working |
|---|---|
| q^2 | 0.16 |
| q | square root of 0.16 = 0.4 |
| p | 1 - 0.4 = 0.6 |
| Carriers (2pq) | 2 x 0.6 x 0.4 = 0.48, about 48% |
State the assumptions: a large population, random mating, and no mutation, migration or selection.
SNAB vs Biology B vs International A Level: which one is yours?
| Course | Approach | Who takes it |
|---|---|---|
| Edexcel A Level Biology A (SNAB, 9BN0) | Context-led: topics taught through real-life stories | UK schools and colleges using Pearson Biology A |
| Edexcel A Level Biology B | Concept-led: topics in a more traditional order | UK schools using Pearson Biology B |
| Pearson Edexcel International A Level Biology | Modular, with unit exams | Mainly schools outside the UK |
Check the specification code on your exam entry or ask your teacher. If you take the International A Level, see our IAL Biology course. If your school uses another board, compare AQA A Level Biology or OCR A Level Biology.
Where do students lose marks in SNAB Biology?
| Mark-loser | What to do instead |
|---|---|
| Vague terms ("it goes faster") | Use specification terms: rate of diffusion, initial rate, active site |
| Describing data without values | Quote numbers, units and the change |
| Calculations without working | Show each step and give units and sensible significant figures |
| Statistical test with no conclusion | State the null hypothesis, critical value and conclusion in words |
| Generic practical evaluation | Name the specific error and a specific improvement |
| Answering from one topic only | Link ideas across topics, especially on Paper 3 |
Most of these are habits, not gaps in knowledge, so a tutor marking your answers each week can fix them quickly.
How the SNAB course works: lessons, plan and getting started
What you get: live one-to-one video lessons with a shared whiteboard, homework questions marked against Pearson mark schemes, a revision plan built around your weakest topics, and help with the pre-release article when it is published.
| Term | Focus |
|---|---|
| Year 12 autumn and spring | Topics 1-4, core practicals 1-9, chi squared and Hardy-Weinberg |
| Year 12 summer | Year 1 review and first full past paper |
| Year 13 autumn | Topics 5-6, core practicals 10-15 |
| Year 13 spring | Topics 7-8, core practicals 16-18, Paper 3 article |
| Exam season | Timed past papers, mark-scheme language, synoptic links |
Students in international schools follow the same plan, with lesson times set for their time zone. Resit students usually start with a diagnostic past paper.
Ready to start? Book a lesson or ask a question from this page, and a biology tutor will reply with a plan.
SNAB Biology: Edexcel A-Level Biology A (9BN0): frequently asked questions
What is SNAB Biology?
SNAB stands for Salters-Nuffield Advanced Biology. It is the approach used in Pearson Edexcel A Level Biology A, specification code 9BN0, where each topic is taught through a real-life context such as heart disease or sports science. It is a linear A level assessed by three written papers at the end of Year 13.
What is the specification code for Edexcel A Level Biology A?
The A level code is 9BN0. The three exam papers are 9BN0/01, 9BN0/02 and 9BN0/03. Use the code to find the right specification, past papers, mark schemes and pre-release articles on the Pearson website, because Biology B and the International A Level use different codes.
How many papers are there in SNAB A Level Biology?
There are three written papers. Each lasts 2 hours, is worth 100 marks and counts for 33.33 percent of the A level. Paper 1 tests Topics 1 to 6, Paper 2 tests Topics 1 to 4, 7 and 8, and Paper 3 tests all topics with a section based on a pre-released article.
When is the SNAB pre-release article published?
Pearson publishes the scientific article on its website 8 weeks before the Paper 3 exam. One section of Paper 3 is based on it. You cannot take the article into the exam, so read it early, learn its new terms, link it to the specification and practise questions on it.
How many core practicals are there in SNAB?
There are 18 core practicals, from the effect of caffeine on Daphnia heart rate to habituation to a stimulus. They can be tested in any of the three papers, so you need the method, variables, risks, sources of error and the analysis for each one, not just the expected result.
What is the difference between Edexcel Biology A and Biology B?
Both are Pearson Edexcel A levels in biology. Biology A, known as SNAB, teaches each topic through a real-life context, while Biology B uses a more traditional, concept-led order. Papers, practicals and codes differ, so always check which specification your school has entered you for before revising.
Is Edexcel A Level Biology hard?
It is demanding but manageable with steady work. Students usually find the volume of content, the precise terminology, the maths and statistics, and Paper 3 synoptic questions the hardest parts. Learning the specification wording, practising data questions and getting answers marked regularly makes the biggest difference to grades.
What grade is 55 percent in A Level Biology?
There is no fixed answer, because Pearson sets new grade boundaries for each exam series based on how hard the papers were. The same percentage can be a different grade in different years. Compare your past-paper scores with several recent sets of boundaries published by Pearson for 9BN0.
Where can I find SNAB grade boundaries?
Pearson publishes grade boundaries for 9BN0 on its website after each results day. They change every year. Use them to convert your past-paper raw marks into a likely grade, and compare several years rather than relying on one, since a single series can be unusually high or low.
Which statistical tests do I need for SNAB?
The specification names the chi-squared test, for comparing observed and expected results, and Student's t-test, for comparing two means, alongside correlation and measures of spread such as standard deviation. You should be able to choose a test, state a null hypothesis, use a critical value and conclude in words.
How do you calculate the index of diversity?
Use D equals N times N minus 1, divided by the sum of n times n minus 1, where N is the total number of organisms and n the number of each species. For species counts of 10, 6 and 4, D is 380 divided by 132, which is about 2.88.
How do I calculate Q10?
Divide the rate of reaction at a temperature ten degrees higher by the rate at the lower temperature. If an enzyme reaction runs at 0.012 units per second at 25 degrees Celsius and 0.024 at 35 degrees, Q10 is 2.0, meaning the rate doubles for that ten-degree rise.
How do I get an A* in SNAB Biology?
Learn the specification wording precisely, know all 18 core practicals in detail, practise every calculation and statistical test, and prepare the pre-release article as soon as it appears. Then do timed past papers and compare your answers line by line with the mark scheme, fixing repeated mistakes.
Which textbooks are used for SNAB Biology?
Most schools use the Pearson Edexcel A level Biology A (Salters-Nuffield) Student Books 1 and 2, which follow the 9BN0 topics in order. Use them alongside the specification itself, which lists exactly what can be examined, and past papers with mark schemes from the Pearson website.
Can I take SNAB Biology as a private candidate?
Yes, private candidates can usually sit Pearson Edexcel A levels through an exam centre that accepts them, but the practical endorsement needs a centre that can assess practical work. Contact centres early about entry deadlines and practicals. A tutor can teach the content and core practical theory alongside.
Can a tutor help with the practical endorsement?
A tutor can teach the theory behind each core practical, the 12 practical techniques, data analysis and evaluation, and help you write up your lab book. The endorsement itself is assessed by your teacher at your school or exam centre, so the practical work must be done there.
How much does a SNAB Biology tutor cost?
The hourly rate depends on the tutor and the length of each lesson. On FLN Tutors you see the rate on the course page before you book, and you pay only for the lessons you choose. Ask a question first if you want a lesson plan before deciding.
What do I get on the SNAB course?
You get live one-to-one lessons with a biology tutor, homework and exam-style questions marked against Pearson mark schemes, worked solutions for calculations and statistics, help with the Paper 3 pre-release article and a revision plan focused on your weakest topics and papers.
How quickly can I start SNAB tutoring?
You can ask a question or request a lesson from this page at any time. A tutor replies with a plan and suggested lesson times, usually starting with a short diagnostic of your weakest topics, so the first lessons go where they will lift your marks most.
Do you offer SNAB tutoring for international students?
Yes. Lessons are online, so students in international schools in the Gulf, India, Malaysia, Singapore and elsewhere can book times in their own time zone. If your school uses the International A Level rather than 9BN0, choose the IAL Biology course instead, as the papers differ.
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