Python courses usually start with variables, data types, input and output, conditionals and loops, then move to functions, lists, dictionaries and strings, file handling and error handling. Intermediate modules add object-oriented programming, recursion, algorithms and testing, and data science courses add NumPy, pandas, Matplotlib and libraries for machine learning.
| Level | Typical topics |
|---|
| Beginner | Variables, types, if statements, for and while loops |
| Core | Functions, lists, dictionaries, strings, files, exceptions |
| Intermediate | Classes and objects, inheritance, recursion, modules |
| Algorithms | Searching, sorting, Big O, stacks, queues, trees |
| Data | NumPy arrays, pandas DataFrames, Matplotlib charts |
| Web and apps | Flask, Django, APIs, databases |